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CFA Institute Sustainable Investing Certificate(CFA-SIC) Exam Sample Questions (Q688-Q693):
NEW QUESTION # 688
The signatories of the Kyoto Protocol are committed to:
Answer: A
Explanation:
Step 1: Understanding the Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty that extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and commits its parties to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, based on the premise that global warming exists and human-made CO2 emissions have caused it.
Step 2: Commitments under the Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, in December 1997 and entered into force in February 2005.
It legally binds developed countries and economies in transition to emission reduction targets. The principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities" recognizes that developed countries are principally responsible for the current high levels of GHG emissions in the atmosphere.
Step 3: Comparing the Options
Option A: Refers to transitioning investment portfolios to net-zero GHG emissions by 2050, which is not the commitment under the Kyoto Protocol but aligns more with current initiatives like the Paris Agreement.
Option B: This option aligns with the Kyoto Protocol's commitment to limit and reduce GHG emissions according to individual targets.
Option C: This option aligns with the Paris Agreement's goal rather than the Kyoto Protocol.
Step 4: Verification with ESG Investing References
The Kyoto Protocol's main aim is to control emissions of the main anthropogenic (human-emitted) greenhouse gases in ways that reflect underlying national differences in greenhouse gas emissions, wealth, and capacity to make the reductions: "The Kyoto Protocol commits its Parties by setting internationally binding emission reduction targets".
Conclusion: Signatories of the Kyoto Protocol are committed to limiting and reducing their greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with agreed individual targets.
B: Limit and reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in accordance with agreed individual targets
NEW QUESTION # 689
According to the Stockholm Resilience Centre, how many of the nine planetary boundaries have already been crossed as a result of human activity?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Stockholm Resilience Centre has identified several planetary boundaries that have already been crossed due to human activity. These boundaries define the safe operating space for humanity, and crossing them increases the risk of triggering large-scale environmental changes. Examples include biodiversity loss and biochemical flows.ESG Reference: Chapter 3, Page 166 - Environmental Factors in the ESG textbook.
NEW QUESTION # 690
In France, shareholders eligible for being awarded double voting rights are
Answer: A
Explanation:
In France, shareholders eligible for being awarded double voting rights are long-standing shareholders of at least two years. This policy aims to encourage long-term investment and shareholder loyalty.
Loyalty Incentive: The double voting rights are granted to shareholders who have held their shares for at least two years. This incentivizes long-term holding and aligns shareholders' interests with the company's long- term success.
Strengthening Governance: By rewarding long-term shareholders with additional voting power, companies can strengthen their governance structures. Long-term shareholders are more likely to be interested in sustainable growth and responsible governance.
Legal Framework: This practice is embedded in the French legal framework under the Florange Act, which automatically grants double voting rights to shares held for at least two years unless the company's articles of association specify otherwise.
References:
MSCI ESG Ratings Methodology (2022) - Highlights the mechanisms in place in different jurisdictions to promote long-term investment through measures such as double voting rights.
ESG-Ratings-Methodology-Exec-Summary (2022) - Discusses the importance of shareholder engagement and long-term investment incentives in corporate governance.
NEW QUESTION # 691
The low correlation between the ratings from different ESG rating agencies:
Answer: B
Explanation:
Different ESG rating agencies (MSCI, Sustainalytics, Refinitiv, etc.) use different methodologies, leading to low correlation among ratings.
Why C (more difficult for companies) is correct:
Companies struggle to improve ESG scores because rating criteria differ significantly across providers.
Example: A company may score high on MSCI but low on Sustainalytics, making it harder to demonstrate ESG improvement.
Why not A or B?
A is incorrect because inconsistency creates challenges rather than making improvement easier.
B is incorrect because ESG ratings do influence corporate ambition to improve sustainability efforts.
References:
MIT Sloan: "The Inconsistency of ESG Ratings" (2022)
NEW QUESTION # 692
Carbon intensity is calculated as Scope 1 plus Scope 2 emissions divided by:
Answer: C
Explanation:
Carbon intensity is calculated as Scope 1 plus Scope 2 emissions divided by revenue.
Revenue (B): Carbon intensity is a measure of a company's carbon emissions relative to its economic output, typically calculated as the sum of Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions divided by revenue. This provides a standardized way to compare the carbon efficiency of companies across different sizes and industries.
Profit (A): Using profit for this calculation is less common and would not provide a consistent measure of carbon intensity, as profits can vary widely due to factors unrelated to emissions.
Market capitalization (C): Market capitalization reflects the company's market value, which is influenced by investor perceptions and market conditions, rather than the direct economic output of the company.
References:
CFA ESG Investing Principles
Standard methodologies for calculating carbon intensity
NEW QUESTION # 693
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